Waterhammer analysis tools of the past have been ? ? noted for being difficult to use and requiring ? ? extensive specialized knowledge. As a result, this ? ? critical aspect of piping system design and ? ? operation has often been overlooked. But no longer. ? ? Now AFT Impulse? offers the ease-of-use of a ? ? drag-and-drop interface and built-in waterhammer ? ? modeling expertise. AFT Impulse helps you design and ? ? operate your systems with greater reliability and ? ? safety by avoiding the potentially catastrophic ? ? effects of waterhammer and other undesirable system ? ? transients. ? ? ? ? Piping systems engineers typically do not have the ? ? time to become specialists in waterhammer modeling. ? ? Now they don't have to. Now they can be equipped ? ? with the proper tools to design and analyze for ? ? waterhammer transients in liquid systems containing ? ? water, petroleum and chemical products, cryogens, ? ? refrigerants and more. Waterhammer specialists will ? ? find a no compromise tool capable of modeling a ? ? broad range of waterhammer events, including ? ? transient cavitation and various surge suppression ? ? devices. AFT Impulse provides a built-in library of ? ? fluids and fittings, variable model configurations, ? ? pump and control valve modeling and much more. ? ? Scenario Manager raises the what-if potential of ? ? waterhammer modeling to a new level. Multiple system ? ? configurations varying by any modeling parameter are ? ? easily managed within a single model file with a ? ? familiar hierarchical interface. Changes in the base ? ? model are automatically inherited by alternate ? ? design cases. ? ? ? ? AFT Impulse incorporates a steady-state solver ? ? providing seamless transfer of initial conditions to ? ? the transient analysis. The traditional Method of ? ? Characteristics are employed to solve the transient ? ? mass and momentum equations of pipe flow. Modeling ? ? vapor cavitation and liquid column separation, the ? ? effect of pressure surges due to vapor cavity ? ? collapse may be evaluated. Modeling tools for a wide ? ? range of system components and surge devices are ? ? included. Transients can be initiated based on time ? ? or on events in the system. For example, a valve ? ? closure transient may be initiated when a specified ? ? pressure level is attained at a location. In ? ? addition to time varying fluid dynamics, AFT Impulse ? ? can calculate transient hydraulic forces on piping ? ? for use in calculating pipe stresses and even ? ? generate a CAESAR II force file for direct ? ? importation to this popular pipe stress analysis ? ? tool. ? ? ? ? From the powerful drag-and-drop model building ? ? features to the fully customizable output, AFT ? ? Impulse is a powerful tool ready to tackle your most ? ? demanding design problems, and with the release of ? ? version 4.0, AFT Impulse further expands you ability ? ? to analyze and design your