FORGE 2D version is a software package developed through a joint research program, involving major companies such as SNECMA (France), and the Ecole des Mines de Paris, a leading french university. SNECMA has been successfully using the package since 1989. FORGE 3D version has also been developed through a joint research program, involving companies such as PEUGEOT S.A. (France), FORGES DE COURCELLES (France), PECHINEY (France), SAFE ASCOMETAL (France), TEKSID (Italy), and the Ecole des Mines de Paris. The software is constantly upgraded through active research at national and european project levels. FORGE is dedicated to the simulation of hot, warm and cold forging of both 3D parts (* steering knuckles, crankshafts, * twin connection rods, lower arms, *constant velocity joints, bevel gears,* aircraft landing gears, fan blades, engine mountings, and wing components ) and 2D geometry parts ( axisymmetric (revolution) parts and parts with high length-to-width ratios such as: * cylinders, impacts, extrusions, axles, shafts, gear blanks, rings, fasteners and wire drawing,* aircraft disks, blades and wheels, * bearing cages, railway wheels ) Using the software with different process settings and/or different die designs, the user can optimize part production at low cost, compared to usual trial-and-error testing. FORGE is used for rational decision-making and ultimately, leads to production cost reduction. FORGE is presently used throughout the world by more than 200 customers, including 80% of industrial sites. Download the brochure See the applications _____________________________________________________________________________________________ Model This software uses thermo-viscoplastic laws for hot forging. For warm and cold forging, a thermo-elasto-plastic model enables the prediction of residual stresses and geometrical dimension at the end of the forming. A thermo-elastic coupled computation in the dies is also possible with FORGE : temperature and stresses in the dies can be calculated, as well as die deflection. With FORGE, it is also possible to compute stresses and deflection of the dies with an easy-to-use post-processor module. Finite element formulation The finite element method is used to solve the thermal and mechanical equilibrium equations at each time step of the process. The discretization of the part is performed using an enhanced (P1+/P1) 4-node tetrahedron element in 3D and 3-node triangular element in 2D. An automatic remeshing procedure enables the simulation of geometrically complex parts, in 2D and 3D. The parallel FORGE enables to use a large number of elements and leads to improve the accuracy of the computations. Material models FORGE feature all standard behavior laws used in the modelling of hot, warm and cold forging. Among other, the following models are available: Norton Hoff viscoplastic behaviors to simulate plastic deformation during hot forging. Elasto-plastic and elasto-viscoplastic behavior to simulate both elastic and plastic deformation during warm and cold forging together with elastic spring back and residual stress after forging.