1. Introduction STAR-CD V4.22 is the latest version of our STAR-CD/es-ice suite, designed to address outstanding issues arising from previous releases and to add a number of important enhancements. 2. STAR and pro-STAR 2.1 New developments 1. A stand-alone post-processing utility is available to perform Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) on variables present in transient post data (.ccmt) files produced in multi-cycle simulation studies (see STAR-CD User Guide Chapter 19, “POD analysis of transient post data files”). 2. Activity coefficients may be used to calculate more accurate vapour pressures at the surface of multicomponent fuel droplets. These are important for mixtures whose constituents have very different molecular structures, e.g. for so-called E-fuels such as blends of gasoline and ethanol (see Methodology Chapter 12, “Prediction of vapour-liquid equilibrium in multicomponent liquids” and the on-line Help text for pro-STAR panel “Lagrangian Multi-Phase > Droplet Properties”). Liquid films created from such droplets will also inherit this method of vapour pressure calculation at the film surfaces (see STAR-CD Methodology Chapter 15 or STAR-ICE Methodology Chapter 10, topic “Condensation / Evaporation”). 3. A more accurate wall function treatment due to Werner and Wengle has been introduced for LES turbulence models (see Methodology Chapter 6, “Improved model”). The pro-STAR GUI also offers a choice of wall functions for use with LES simulations (see the on-line Help text for pro-STAR panel “Liquids and Gases > Turbulence Models > Near-Wall Treatment”) 4. A one-dimensional conjugate heat transfer model (1DCHT) was developed to allow economical calculation of engine in-cylinder wall heat transfer (see Supplementary Notes Chapter 20) 5. New options for specifying droplet parcel injection conditions are presented in Supplementary Notes Chapter 21 6. The pro-STAR interface now offers a choice of methods for specifying inflow boundary conditions for LES turbulence models. The Synthetic Eddy Method (SEM), implemented via Extended Data in earlier STAR-CD versions, is now available through the GUI together with an additional divergence-free SEM model (see Methodology Chapter 6, “Inlet Perturbations in LES Models” and the on-line Help text for pro-STAR panel “Define Boundary Regions > Inlet > Turbulence quantities”) 7. pro-STAR allows an unlimited number of droplet types to be defined in a spray